Physics
Radiocarbon is produced in the atmosphere as a result of

Action of solar radiations particularly cosmic rays on carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere.
Lightning discharge in atmosphere.
Collision between fast neutrons and nitrogen nuclei present in the atmosphere.
Action of ultraviolet light from the sun on atmospheric oxygen.

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Physics
Why are we able to hear short wave broadcasts better than long wave broadcasts ?

Short wave broadcasts are made by nearby radio stations.
By convention, short waves are meant for long distances, whereas long waves are reserved for short distances.
Short waves are unaffected by atmospheric disturbances.
Short waves are more energetic than long waves.

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