Computer Networking
The physical layer, in reference to the OSI model, defines

the interface between the X.25 network and packet mode device
the virtual circuit interface to packet-switched service
None of these
All of these
data link procedures that provide for the exchange of data via frames that can be sent and received

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Computer Networking
CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) is

None of these
a method access control technique for multiple-access transmission media.
network access standard for connecting stations to a circuit-switched network
a method of determining which device has access to the transmission medium at any time
a very common bit-oriented data link protocol issued by ISO.

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