System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
All of these
assumes that the black box is independent
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
None of these

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System Analysis and Design
In top down analyis and design

each succeeding phase is less detailed than the phase before it
each succeeding phase is more detailed than the phase before it
all of the listed here
each succeeding phase is as detailed as the phase before it.

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