System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

None of these
All of these
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that the black box is independent
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable

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System Analysis and Design
Sequential or series testing is

making sure that the new programs do in fact process certain transactions according to Specifications
running the system with line data by the actual user
testing changes made in an existing or a new program
is checking the logic of one or more programs in the candidate system

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