Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Fluid is a substance that

always expands until it fills any container
cannot be subjected to shear forces
cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force
has the same shear stress.at a point regardless of its motion

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the

product of pressure intensity at its centroid and area
force on the horizontal projection of the curved surface
weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface
force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
According to Bernoulli’s equation for steady ideal fluid flow

principle of conservation of mass holds
velocity and pressure are inversely proportional
the energy is constant along a stream-line but may vary across streamlines
total energy is constant throughout

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