Electrical Machines
In a dc generator operating on load with its brushes on the geometrical neutral axis (GNA), the magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is shifted in the direction of rotation. Now, if the brushes are given a lead of 90° (electrical), then the MNA will

 coincide with the GNA
 shift forward by less than 90°
 shift forward by 90°
 shift forward by more than 90°

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
An inverted V curve of synchronous motor shows variation of

  power factor and DC excitation at constant load.
 supply voltage and excitation current at constant load.
 supply voltage and field current at constant excitation.
 power factor and supply voltage during hunting.

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