Automation System
What is the process lag?

The time it takes for the mass of the process to respond to an input change.
The time it takes for the sensor to respond to a changed.
The lag in the error signal when the setpoint is changed.
None of these
All of these

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Automation System
How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?

the error is divided into discrete amounts
All of these
None of these
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller

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