Environmental Science
Which of the following is false?

Phytoplanktons are the pioneers in the aquatic ecosystem
The succession that occurs in newly cooled lava is called primary succession
The energy content in a trophic level is determined is determined by considering a few individuals of a species in that trophic level.
Rate of succession is faster in secondary succession
Quantity of biomass in a trophic level at a particular period is called as standing crop

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Environmental Science
The atmosphere near the earth's surface is "heated from below." Which of the following does not significantly contribute to this heating?

Convection from a hot surface
Absorption of infrared energy that has been radiated from the surface
Conduction of heat upward from a hot surface
Heat energy from the earth's interior

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