Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.

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Electrical Machines
In a DC machine, for the same value of φ, Z and N; which one of the following statements is correct?

 Armature emf is less with wave winding than with lap winding.
 Armature emf is same as long as the flux density in the air gap remains the same.
  Armature emf is more with wave winding than with lap winding.
 Armature emf depends on weather the machine is running as a motor or generator.

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