Operating System (OS)
The advantage(s) of incorporating the macro processor into pass 1 is(are):

Functions are combined and it is not necessary to create intermediate files as output from the macros processor and input to the assembler.
All of these
more flexibility is available to the programmer in that he may use all the features of the assembler in conjunction with macros.
many functions do not have to be implemented twice.
None of these

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Operating System (OS)
Memory management is :

not used on multiprogramming systems
critical for even the simplest operating systems
None of these
replaced with virtual memory on current systems
not used in modern operating system

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