Fluid Mechanics
Water hammer is caused, when water flowing in a pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve. The extent of pressure thus produced due to water hammer depends on the

Pipe length
Time taken to close the valve
All of these
Fluid velocity in the pipe

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Fluid Mechanics
A bed of spherical particles (specific gravity 2.5) of uniform size 1500 μm is 0.5 m in diameter and 0.5 m high. In packed bed state, the porosity may be taken as 0.4. Ergun's equation for the above fluid-particle system (in SI units) is given below : Δ P/L = 375 x 10³ VOM + 10.94 x 10⁶ V²OM (SI units) If water is to be used as the fluidising medium, the minimum fluidisation velocity, VOM is

28 mm/s
16 mm/s
12 mm/s
24 mm/s

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