Fluid Mechanics
Water hammer is caused, when water flowing in a pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve. The extent of pressure thus produced due to water hammer depends on the

Time taken to close the valve
Pipe length
Fluid velocity in the pipe
All of these

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Fluid Mechanics
In case of hydraulically smooth pipe, the resistance to flow depends only on the Reynolds number, whereas for a hydraulically rough pipe, the resistance to flow is governed by the relative roughness. Two pipes are said to have the same hydraulic roughness, when they have equal values of

All of these
Absolute roughness
Relative roughness
Friction co-efficient for flows at equal Reynold number

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