Fluid Mechanics
Volute type of casing is provided in a centrifugal pump to

Convert velocity head to pressure head
Increase the discharge
Reduce the discharge fluctuation
Convert pressure head to velocity head

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Fluid Mechanics
The Prandtl mixing length is

Useful for computing laminar flow problems
Zero at the pipe wall and is a universal constant
Independent of the shear stress
Independent of radial distance from the pipe axis

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