Process Control and Instrumentation
Suppose that the gain, time constant and dead time of a process with the following transfer function:Gc(s) = 10 exp( - 0.1s)/(0.5s + 1) are known with a possible error of ± 20% of their values. The largest permissible gain Kc of a proportional controller needs to be calculated below taking the values of process gain, time constant and dead time as

12, 0.6, 0.12
8, 0.6, 0.12
12, 0.4, 0.08
8, 0.6, 0.08

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Accurate temperature measurement performance of a radiation pyrometer can not be affected, if the

Object is transparent
Enhancement or attentuation of redia-tion occurs in the sighting path
Object has varying emissivity
Object and surrounding are at almost the same temperature

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