Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Concentrate heat sensitive materials

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Heat Transfer
In sub-cooled boiling,

Temperature of the heating surface is less than the boiling point of the liquid
Temperature of the heating surface is more than the boiling point of the liquid
Very large vapour space is necessary
Bubbles from heating surface are absorbed by the mass of the liquid

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