Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation
Achieve very high concentration of the final product

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Heat Transfer
The advantage of backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed units is that

Most concentrated liquid is at highest temperature
Equal heat transfer co-efficients exist in various effects
Heat sensitive material can be handled
There is no additional cost of pumping

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