System Analysis and Design
"User friendly" computers have ensured that

All of these
structured programming is not needed
management requires no system analysis and design.
None of these
programmers are no longer needed

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System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

all of the listed here
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.

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