Automobile Engineering in ME
The function of a second ring is that it is a

Cushion ring which prevents piston slap and knock
Compression ring and aids the top ring in sealing and cooling
Back up oil control ring which will work in place of the bottom ring when it is broken
Back up compression ring which will work in place of the top ring when it is broken

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The purpose of a balancer shaft is to

Adjusts the timing of the intake and exhaust valve openings
Increase inertia force of the rotating crankshaft
Balance the timing in the movement of the two groups of pistons
Reduce vibrations caused by the crankshaft rotation

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