Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Two pipe systems are said to be equivalent when

length and diameter are same in two systems
head loss and discharge are same in two systems
length of pipe and discharge are same in two systems
friction factor and length are same in two systems

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Steady flow occurs when

the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane
the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical

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