Automation System
How is the integral mode implemented on a digital controller?

All of these
the error is divided into discrete amounts
the error signal is summed over a discrete time interval and accumulated by the controller
the digital controller cannot handle integral mode
None of these

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Automation System
Programmable controllers:

are widely used in many different industries
cannot perform functions other than relay logic
are programmed using relay ladder logic
(a) and (c) above
None of these

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