Fluid Mechanics
Transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow is aided by the

All of these
Vibration
Surface roughness and curvature (i.e.sharp corners)
Pressure gradient and the compressibility of the flowing medium

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Fluid Mechanics
Shear stress in a fluid flowing in a round pipe

Is zero at the wall and increases linearly to the centre
Remains constant over the cross-section
Varies parabolically across the cross-section
Is zero at the centre and varies linearly with the radius

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