Process Control and Instrumentation
Thermal conductivity measurement is used for the determination of

CO₂ percentage in the flue gas
Composition of an alloy
O₂ percentage in the flue gas
Specific gravity of petrofuels

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Time constant is the

Time taken by the controlled variable to reach 63.2% of its full change
Time required by the measured variable to reach 63.2% of its ultimate change
Same as transportation lag
Same as dead time

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