Engineering Thermodynamics
An isolated system is one in which

Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system
Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system

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Engineering Thermodynamics
According to Avogadro's Hypothesis

Product of the gas constant and the molecular weight of an ideal gas is constant
Gases have two values of specific heat
The molecular weights of all the perfect gases occupy the same volume under same conditions of pressure and temperature
The sum of partial pressure of mixture of two gases is sum of the two

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Engineering Thermodynamics
The thermodynamic difference between a Rankine cycle working with saturated steam and the Carnot cycle is that

Heat is supplied to water at temperature below the maximum temperature of the cycle
Rankine cycle is hypothetical
A Rankine cycle receives heat at two places
Carnot cycle can't work with saturated steam

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