Analog Electronics
The universal bias stabilization circuit is the most popular because

  its β sensitivity is low .
  voltage divider is heavily loaded by transistor base .
  IC equals to IE.
  IC does not depend on transistor characteristic.

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Analog Electronics
For transistor action

  the base region must be very thin and lightly doped.
  all of these.
  Je must be forward biased and Jc should be reverse biased.
  the emitter should be heavily doped.

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