Structural Analysis
The thickness of the rectangular plate for the cap or base of a solid round steel columns, is calculated from the formulat = √[(9W/16 fbct) × D/(D -d)] where ‘d’ is

The diameter of the base
The reduced diameter of the column
The dimension of the base
The diameter of the top

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Structural Analysis
Pick up the correct statement for the web stiffeners.

All of these
For horizontal stiffeners, d is the clear distance between the horizontal stiffener and the tension flange
Vertical stiffeners are spaced at a distance not greater than 1.5 d and not less than 0.33 d
d is the distance between flange angles or the clear distance between flanges

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