Structural Analysis
The thickness of the rectangular plate for the cap or base of a solid round steel columns, is calculated from the formulat = √[(9W/16 fbct) × D/(D -d)] where ‘d’ is

The diameter of the top
The dimension of the base
The diameter of the base
The reduced diameter of the column

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Structural Analysis
For under water concreting.

De-watering by pumping is not done or until 24 hours thereafter
All of these
At least 10 percent more cement is required as compared to dry conditions
The volume of coarse aggregates shall not be less than one and half times and not more than twice that of fine aggregate

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