Structural Analysis
The thickness of the rectangular plate for the cap or base of a solid round steel columns, is calculated from the formulat = √[(9W/16 fbct) × D/(D -d)] where ‘d’ is

The dimension of the base
The reduced diameter of the column
The diameter of the base
The diameter of the top

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Structural Analysis
When a series of wheel loads crosses a simply supported girder, the maximum bending moment under any given wheel load occurs when

The centre of span is midway between the centre of gravity of the load system and the wheel load under consideration
The centre of gravity of the load system is midway between the centre of span and wheel load under consi-deration
None of these
The wheel load under consideration is midway between the centre of span and the centre of gravity of the load system

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