Engineering Thermodynamics
The efficiency of a gas turbine is given by

(Net work output)/(Work-done by the turbine)
(Isentropic increase in temperature)/(Actual increase in temperature)
(Net work output)/(Heat supplied)
(Actual temperature drop)/(Isentropic temperature drop)

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Engineering Thermodynamics
An open system is one in which

Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy

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