Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
Steady flow occurs when

the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid
the direction and magnitude of the velocity at all points are identical
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The shear stress distribution for a fluid flowing in between the parallel plates, both at rest, is

zero at the mid plane and varies linearly with distance from mid plane
parabolic distribution across the section
constant over the cross section
zero at plates and increases linearly to midpoint

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
For laminar flow in a pipe of circular cross-section, the Darcy’s friction factor f is

directly proportional to Reynolds number and independent of pipe wall roughness
inversely proportional to Reynolds number and indpendent of pipe wall roughness
inversely proportional to Reynolds number and directly proportional to pipe wall roughness
directly proportional to pipe wall roughness and independent of Reynolds number

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