Mass Transfer
The surface renewal frequency in Danckwerts model of mass transfer is given by (KL: mass transfer co-efficient)

KL²/DA
KL².DA
KL/DA²
√(KL².DA)

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Mass Transfer
Plate towers are preferred to packed towers, when large temperature changes are involved, because of the reason that the

Viscosity variation of the fluids may cause channeling/flooding
Packing may be crushed due to thermal expansion/contraction of the components of the equipments
Pressure drop in the equipment will be very high
None of these

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