Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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Machine Design
The elasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Resists fracture due to high impact loads
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Regains its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed
Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force

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