Physics
The snow on the mountains does not melt all at once when it is heated by the sun because:

It has a high latent heat of fusion
It has a low specific heat capacity
It becomes very hard
It reflects most of the heat from the sun

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Physics
When a pail of water is swung in a vertical circle, the water does not fall out at the top of the loop when the speed is

Above a certain minimum value irrespective of amount of water in the pail
Below a certain minimum value depending on amount of water in the pail
Above a certain minimum value depending on amount of water in the pail
Below a certain minimum value irrespective of amount of water in the pail

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