Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The diagram efficiency is the ratio of

Energy supplied to the blades per kg of steam to the total energy supplied per stage per kg of steam
Workdone on the blades per kg of steam to the total energy supplied per stage per kg of steam
Workdone on the blades to the energy supplied to the blades
None of these

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In forced recirculation type boiler,

Water is supplied in drum and through down comers located in atmospheric condition it passes to the water wall and rises to drum in the form of mixture of water and steam
Heating takes place at bottom and the water supplied at bottom gets converted into the mixture of steam bubbles and hot water which rise to drum
Feed pump is employed to supplement natural circulation in water wall type furnace
Water is converted into steam in one pass without any recirculation

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In regenerative air preheaters, the heat is transferred

From heating an intermediate material and then heating the air from this material
From a metal wall from one medium to another
Heat is transferred by bleeding some gas from furnace
By direct mixing

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