Glycolysis
The released energy obtained by oxidation of glucose is stored as

ADP
a concentration gradient across a membrane
ATP
NAD+

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Glycolysis
A kinase is an enzyme that

uses ATP to add a phosphate group to the substrate
removes phosphate groups of substrates
removes water from a double bond
uses NADH to change the oxidation state of the substrate

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Glycolysis
Why does the glycolytic pathway continue in the direction of glucose catabolism?

Glycolysis occurs in either direction
The enzymes of glycolysis only function in one direction
High levels of ATP keep the pathway going in a forward direction
There are essentially three irreversible reactions that act as the driving force for the pathway

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Glycolysis
In glycolysis, ATP is formed by the transfer of a high-energy phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADR No such high-energy phosphate donor has ever been isolated in mitochondria because

the high-energy phosphate donor is very short-lived and difficult to isolate
no such phosphate donor exists
the techniques for isolating the phosphate donor are not refined enough
None of these

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