Mass Transfer
Blowdown in a cooling tower

Means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities
All of these
Increases the scale forming tendencies of water
Is undesirable

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Mass Transfer
When the liquid phase and vapour phase of a binary system obeys Raoult's and Dalton's law respectively, the relative volatility is the ratio of

Vapour pressure of component A to the partial pressure of A
Vapour pressure of component A to the total pressure
Partial pressure of component A to the total pressure
Vapour pressure of component A to that of component B

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