Furnace Technology
The reason for excessive clinker formation in gas producers is the

All of these
Development of hot spots in the fuel bed and an abnormally high rate of gasification
Use of fuel having too low an ash fusion temperature
Use of coal/coke containing a high % of fines and ash

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Furnace Technology
In a furnace, the heat taken by the charge/stock and the heat lost to the furnace structure & flue gases depends on the

Thermal conductivity of the charge & structural materials of furnace
Rate of firing and emissivity of flame
Nature of process ; whether batch, continuous or intermittant
All of these

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