Heat Transfer
The radiation heat flux from a heating element at a temperature of 800°C, in a furnace maintained at 300°C is 8 kW/m². The flux, when the element temperature is increased to 1000°C for the same furnace temperature is

14.6 kW/m²
16.5 kW/m²
12.0 kW/m²
11.2 kW/m²

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Heat Transfer
Air is to be heated by condensing steam. Two heat exchangers are available (i) a shell and tube heat exchanger and (ii) a finned tube heat exchanger. Tube side heat transfer area are equal in both the cases. The recommended arrangement is

Finned tube heat exchanger with air outside and steam inside
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air inside tubes and steam on shell side
Shell and tube heat exchanger with air on shell side and steam inside tubes
Finned tube heat exchanger with air inside and steam outside

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