Heat Transfer
The radiation heat flux from a heating element at a temperature of 800°C, in a furnace maintained at 300°C is 8 kW/m². The flux, when the element temperature is increased to 1000°C for the same furnace temperature is

14.6 kW/m²
12.0 kW/m²
11.2 kW/m²
16.5 kW/m²

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Heat Transfer
In a gas-liquid shell and tube heat exchanger, the

Presence of a non-condensible gas decreases the condensing film co-efficient
Gases under high pressure are routed through the tube side, because high pressure gases are corrosive in nature
Gases to be heated/cooled is normally routed through the shell side, because the corrosion caused by the cooling water or steam condensate remain localised to the tubes
All of these

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Heat Transfer
Nusselt number is the ratio of the

Temperature gradient of the wall to that across the entire pipe
Heat flux at the wall to that across the entire pipe
Temperature difference to the temperature gradient at the wall
None of these

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