Manufacturing And Production Technology
The primary purpose of a sprue in a casting mould is to

Feed the casting at a rate consistent with the rate of solidification
Feed molten metal from the pouring basin to the gate
Help feed the casting until all solidification takes place
Act as a reservoir for molten metal

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Manufacturing And Production Technology
In determining the various forces on the chip, Merchant assumed that the

Cutting velocity remains constant
Only continuous chip without built-up-edge is produced
All of these
Cutting edge of the tool is sharp and it does not make any flank contact with the workpiece

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