Measurement and Instrumentation
The power factor of a single phase load can be calculated if the instruments available are

One ammeter, one voltmeter and one energy meter
One voltmeter and one ammeter
One voltmeter, one ammeter and one wattmeter
Any of the listed here

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Measurement and Instrumentation
Assertion (A) : It is always desirable to take the reading of an indicating instrument very close to the full scale reading. Reason (R) : Accuracy of an indicating instrument is maximum at the full scale deflection and error increases as reading comes closer to the beginning of the scale.

 A is false bur R is true
 Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
 A is true but R is false
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

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Measurement and Instrumentation
A Manganin swap resistance is connected in series with a moving coil ammeter consisting of a milli ammeter and a suitable shunt in order to

 Minimize the effect of stray magnetic fields.
 Reduce the size of the meter.
  Minimize the effect of temperature variation.
 Obtaine large deflecting torque.

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