Microbial Metabolism
ATPase

extrudes protons from the cell coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
is the enzyme that incorporates ATP into messenger RNA
carries out each of the reactions indicated in (a) and (b)
synthesizes ATP, coupled to transfer of extracellular protons into the cell

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Microbial Metabolism
The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require

concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
accumulation of solute against an electrochemical gradient
metabolic energy
accumulation or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient

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