RCC Structures Design
Based on punching shear consideration, the overall depth of a combined footing under a column A, is

(Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A + Upward pressure × Area of the column)
(Perimeter of column A × Safe punching stress)/(Load on column A × Upward pressure × Area of the column)
None of these
(Area of the column A × Safe punching stress)/Load on column A

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

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