Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Stoichiometric quantity of air is the

Air required for optimum combustion so as to have reasonable excess air
Air required to convert CO into CO₂
Air required for complete combustion of fuel with no excess air
Air present in atmosphere at NTP conditions

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
In forced circulation type boiler

Water is supplied in drum and through down comers located in atmospheric condition it passes to the water wall and rises to drum in the form of mixture of water and steam
Feed pump is employed to supplement natural circulation in water wall type furnace
Heating takes place at bottom and the water supplied at bottom gets converted into the mixture of steam bubbles and hot water which rise to drum
Water is converted into steam in one pass without any recirculation

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