a code in which each expression conforms to specify rules of construction, so that if certain errors occur in an expression, the resulting expression will not conform to the rules of construction and
an error-detecting code based on a summation operation performed on the bits to be checked
None of these
the ratio of the data units in error to the total number of data units
a check bit appended to an array of binary digits to make the sum of all the binary digits.
EXAMIANS