Engineering Thermodynamics
The heat absorbed or rejected by the working substance is given by (where ds = Increase or decrease of entropy, T = Absolute temperature, and dQ = Heat absorbed or rejected)

δQ = T.ds
δQ = T/ds
dQ = ds/T
None of the listed here

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Engineering Thermodynamics
An open system is one in which

Both energy and mass cross the boundaries of the system
Mass crosses the boundary but not the energy
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundaries of the system
Mass does not cross boundaries of the system, though energy may do so

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