Automobile Engineering in ME
The main function of the tread pattern on tyre is that

The crests between the tread grooves absorb road noise
In wet conditions, the tread grooves expel water that is drawn between the tyre and road surface
The tread grooves pass air between the tyre and road surface, thereby preventing tyre from overheating
The tread pattern protects the tyre's inner carcass from small stones and pieces of glass

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