Radio Receivers
The frequency generated by each decade in a direct frequency synthesizer is much higher than the frequency shown; this is done to

Reduce the number of decades
Reduce the number of crystals required
Reduce the spurious frequency problem
Increase the frequency stability of the synthesizer

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Radio Receivers
In a ratio detector

the linearity is worse than in phase discriminator
the circuit is the same as in a discriminator, except that the diodes are reversed
stabilization against signal strength variations is provided
the output is twice that obtainable from a similar phase discriminator

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