Chemical Reaction Engineering
For a tubular reactor with space time 'τ' and residence time 'θ', the following statement holds good.

τ and θ are always equal
τ = θ , for a non-isothermal reactor
τ = θ , when the fluid density changes in the reactor
τ = θ , for an isothermic tubular reactor in which the density of the process fluid is constant

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Chemical Reaction Engineering
In case of staged packed bed reactors carrying out exothermic reaction, use

High recycle for pure gas
Cold shot operations for a dilute solution requiring large preheating to bring the stream upto the reaction temperature
Plug flow for dilute liquid requiring no large preheating of feed
All of these

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