Fluid Mechanics
The energy loss in flow through ven-turimeter is less than that through flow nozzle, because in case of a flow nozzle, the

Distance between the throat and the inlet is more
Throat diameter is more
Length is shorter
Sudden expansion of flow in the downstream occurs

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Fluid Mechanics
The Prandtl mixing length is

Zero at the pipe wall and is a universal constant
Useful for computing laminar flow problems
Independent of the shear stress
Independent of radial distance from the pipe axis

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