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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines

Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
The efficiency of an impulse turbine is maximum when (where Vb = Blade speed, V = Absolute velocity of steam entering the blade, and α = Nozzle angle)

Vb = V² cosα
Vb = 0.5 V² cosα
Vb = V cosα
Vb = 0.5 V cosα

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Relative percentage of heat absorbed through the heat transfer of(i) Furnace water wall(ii) Boiler tank(iii) Superheater(iv) Economizer(v) Air-heater of a typical boiler of 200 MW capacity would be of the order of

10 : 7 : 15 : 20 : 48
48 : 20 : 15 : 7 : 10
20 : 48 : 7 : 15 : 10
7 : 15 : 20 : 10 : 48

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Pulverized fuel is used for

Better burning
Medium sized units
More calorific value
Less radiation loss

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Superheating of steam is done at

Constant entropy
Constant volume
Constant temperature
Constant pressure

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
Water at pressure of 4 kg/cm² and 160°C temperature when exposed to atmosphere will

Cool down
Remain as it was
Flash i.e. get converted into steam
Boil

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Steam Boilers, Engines, Nozzles and Turbines
100% efficiency of a thermal cycle cannot be achieved because of

Leakage
Non availability of ideal substance
It is not possible to achieve 0°K temperature
Frictional losses

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