Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
In order to determine the stresses in a thin cylinder due to an internal pressure, it is assumed that

The effect of the restraining action of the heads at the end of the pressure vessel is neglected
All of these
The effect of curvature of the cylinder wall is neglected
The tensile stresses are uniformly distributed over the section of the walls

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Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to width of column
Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column

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