Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to bending

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Machine Design
The angle of twist of shaft is

Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴
Directly proportional to (shaft diameter)²
Inversely proportional to (shaft diameter)⁴

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