Structural Analysis
The effective length of lacing is the distance

All of these
Between the inner end rivets of the bar for single lacing
0.7 of the distance between the inner end rivets of the bar for double lacing
Between the inner ends of effective lengths of welds connecting the members

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Structural Analysis
To generate the j th column of the flexibility matrix

a unit displacement is applied at co-ordinate j and the displacements are calculated at all co-ordinates
a unit force is applied at coordinate j and the forces are calculated at all coordinates
a unit displacement is applied at co-ordinate j and the forces are calculated at all coordinates
a unit force is applied at coordinate j and the displacements are calculated at all coordinates

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Structural Analysis
When a uniformly distributed load, shorter than the span of the girder, moves from left to right, then the conditions for maximum bending moment at a section is that

the tail of the load reaches the section
the load position should be such that the section divides it equally on both sides
the load position should be such that the section divides the load in the same ratio as it divides the span
the head of the load reaches the section

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