Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
For laminar flow in a pipe of circular cross-section, the Darcy’s friction factor f is

inversely proportional to Reynolds number and directly proportional to pipe wall roughness
directly proportional to pipe wall roughness and independent of Reynolds number
inversely proportional to Reynolds number and indpendent of pipe wall roughness
directly proportional to Reynolds number and independent of pipe wall roughness

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
True one-dimensional flow occurs when

the direction and magnitude of the veiocity at all points are identical
the fluid particles move in plane or parallel planes and the streamline pat-terns are identical in each plane
the velocity of successive fluid par-ticles, at any point, is the same at suc-cessive periods of time
the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change from point to point in the fluid

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Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics
The shear stress distribution for a fluid flowing in between the parallel plates, both at rest, is

zero at the mid plane and varies linearly with distance from mid plane
constant over the cross section
zero at plates and increases linearly to midpoint
parabolic distribution across the section

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