Process Control and Instrumentation
Time constant is the

Same as dead time
Time taken by the controlled variable to reach 63.2% of its full change
Time required by the measured variable to reach 63.2% of its ultimate change
Same as transportation lag

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Accurate temperature measurement performance of a radiation pyrometer can not be affected, if the

Object is transparent
Object has varying emissivity
Object and surrounding are at almost the same temperature
Enhancement or attentuation of redia-tion occurs in the sighting path

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