Nuclear Power Engineering
The critical mass of a fissionable material can be reduced by

Heating it
Surrounding it by neutron absorbing material
Surrounding it by neutron reflecting material
Cooling it

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Nuclear Power Engineering
The half life period of a radioactive substance is best determined by counting the number of alpha particles emitted per second in a Geiger Muller counter from its known quantity. If the half life period of a radioactive substance is one month, then

It will completely disintegrate in two months
It will completely disintegrate in four months
L/8th of it will remain intact at the end of four months
3/4th of it will disintegrate in two months

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