Building Materials
The cracks caused by shrinkage of the exterior surface of the wood exposed to atmosphere, are called:

Wind cracks
Twisted fibres
Heart shakes
Radial shakes

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Building Materials
The basic purpose of a retarder in concrete is

To improve the workability of concrete mix
To decrease the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete
To render the concrete more water tight
To increase the initial setting time of cement paste in concrete

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